Rubiaceae

What are the differences between Japanese madder, European madder, and Indian madder? An explanation of how to distinguish between similar species.

Japanese madder (Akane), European madder (Akane serrata), and Indian madder (Akane serrata) all belong to the genus Rubiaceae, and are well-known for their roots being used primarily for red dyeing. The color "akane-iro" (madder red) is derived from the plant "akane," and is also frequently used in personal names, even though its use has declined...

2023.12.02

plant

What are the differences between Paederia scandens and Paederia japonica? What are the varieties and cultivars? How can we distinguish between similar species? What are the components of the foul odor? Are the flowers only for small bees? Are the fruits a favorite of birds?

Both Paederia scandens and Paederia japonica belong to the genus Paederia in the family Rubiaceae and are climbing herbs. They are well-known for the strong, foul odor they emit when their leaves are crushed, but the overall shape of their leaves is similar, and their flowers are identical. Combined with the confusion in their classification, they may sometimes be mistaken for each other...

2023.07.20

plant

What are the differences between gardenias and small gardenias? What are the varieties? How can you distinguish between similar species? What are the uses? Is the sweet scent due to hawk moths? What is the role of the fruit's pigments in nature?

Gardenias are indispensable plants to the Japanese people, both as wild plants, ornamental plants, and food additives. While there is a known variety called *Gardenia jasminoides* (small gardenia), both share similar flower shapes, opposite or whorled leaves, and are evergreen, with glossy leaves, entire margins, and typically pointed tips.

2023.05.14

plant