Living things

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Is Adlerian psychology suspicious? Is it dubious? Is it pseudoscience? How much of it is actually proven? We'll explain the scientific basis and common misconceptions!

If we were to summarize Adlerian psychology in one sentence, it would be: "A psychology that fosters the ability to live in cooperation with others (community feeling) by choosing one's own life (self-determination), acting in accordance with one's purpose (teleology), and letting go of unnecessary control over others (separation of tasks)." However, his psychology...
animal

What are the origins of rhythm and time signatures (2/4, 4/4, 3/4)? An explanation of their evolutionary and historical origins!

When you take up listening to music, singing, or dancing as hobbies, you naturally develop an interest in rhythm and time signatures. However, if you try to pinpoint the origins of these things, you might find it difficult to answer. Because we often find ourselves naturally moving to rhythms, we might not even question it...
animal

Why shouldn't we exterminate bears to the point of extinction? A complete explanation of the benefits of bears (Asian black bears and brown bears)!

In Japan, the Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) is found on Honshu and Shikoku, while the Hokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) is found on Hokkaido. In 2025, these bears were projected to be active in populated areas...
plant

What's the difference between broom and dwarf broom? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Do the flowers "burst" to release pollen onto bees?!

Both *Cytisus scoparius* (Japanese broom) and *Cytisus scoparius* (dwarf broom) belong to the legume family and are classified under the genus *Cytisus* in Japanese classification. They are characterized by their small, trifoliate compound leaves and the yellow, butterfly-shaped flowers they produce in spring. While cultivated for ornamental purposes, *Cytisus scoparius* is sometimes sold under the name "Japanese broom"...
plant

What are the differences between *Solanum nigrum*, *Solanum sibiricum*, *Solanum nigrum*, and *Solanum nigrum*? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species!

Black nightshade, large black nightshade, American black nightshade, and glossy black nightshade all belong to the Solanaceae family and Solanum genus. They are very commonly seen in urban areas, and can even be found in green spaces in large cities. They are characterized by their round, black, ripening fruits, but the four species are very similar...
plant

What's the difference between Lythrum salicaria and Lythrum anceps? We'll explain how to distinguish between these similar species!

Both Lythrum salicaria and Lythrum sibiricum belong to the genus Lythrum in the family Lythraceae, and are perennial herbs commonly found in waterside areas and wetlands. They are often planted in biotopes, and their flower shapes are almost identical, making it difficult for some to distinguish between the two species. However, in addition to the hair-like projections on the entire plant, the shape of the leaves...
plant

What are the differences between morning glories (Ipomoea nil) and star morning glories (Ipomoea purpurea)? We'll explain how to distinguish between these similar species!

Both Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea purpurea belong to the Ipomoea genus of the Convolvulaceae family and are introduced species that have naturalized in Japan. They share the characteristics of small corollas and a star shape when viewed from above. They can be seen in urban areas, but they may be confused with each other. However, there is an easy-to-understand difference in the color of the flowers...
plant

What are the differences between Japanese walnut, black walnut, dwarf walnut, and Japanese walnut? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Did the hard fruit evolve specifically for squirrels and mice?!

Japanese walnut (Juglans mandshurica), Japanese walnut (Juglans regia), Japanese walnut (Juglans mandshurica), and Japanese walnut (Juglans rhoifolia) all belong to the Juglandaceae family and are deciduous trees characterized by odd-pinnately compound leaves with serrated edges. They grow in Japanese forests, and in the case of Japanese walnut, Japanese walnut, and Japanese walnut, the so-called "walnut nuts" are found inside the false fruits and hard fruits...
plant

What are the differences between Chinese tallow tree and Japanese wax tree? We explain how to distinguish between similar species! Why did the white seeds, which contain a lot of fat, evolve?

Both the Chinese tallow tree (Toxicodendron sylvaticum) and the Japanese wax tree (Toxicodendron succedaneum) are deciduous trees, and both share the name "haze." This name comes from the fact that their fruits or seeds contain a large amount of fat, which has historically been used as wax. However, perhaps because of this, the Chinese tallow tree and the Japanese wax tree are often confused...
plant

What are the differences between Morus alba, Morus serrata, and Broussonetia papyrifera? We'll explain how to distinguish between these similar species!

Both Morus alba and Morus serrata belong to the genus Morus in the family Moraceae and are deciduous shrubs commonly found along the edges of forests in Japan. Both are well-known for their use in sericulture (silkworm farming). Morphologically, a major characteristic is the presence of hairless upper leaves, a mix of undivided leaves and lobed leaves with a distinctive 3-5 incisions. However, 2...
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