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What are the differences between Rhamnus japonica, Ilex serrata, and Ilex serrata? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! What are the structures of their flowers and fruits?

While *Rhamnus japonica* is a relatively rare deciduous shrub in Japan, it is often compared to *Rhamnus japonica* and *Rhamnus japonica var. japonica*. The similar names and morphological features, such as the drupe fruit and the clustering of flowers and fruits in the leaf axils, make it difficult to distinguish from *Rhamnus japonica var. japonica*, even if you haven't seen it before...
2023.08.07
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plant

What are the differences between Buddleja japonica, Buddleja davidii, Buddleja stolonifera, and Buddleja buergeriana? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Butterflies aren't the only visitors to the flowers! Are the seeds dispersed by the wind?

Buddleja japonica, Buddleja stolonifera, Buddleja gracilis, and Buddleja davidii all belong to the Buddleja genus of the Scrophulariaceae family. Their most distinctive feature is the inflorescence they produce at the top of their stems, each flower possessing a long corolla tube. Buddleja stolonifera is particularly popular in horticulture due to its strong fragrance...
2023.07.30
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plant

What are the differences between *Callicarpa japonica*, *Callicarpa dichotoma*, and *Callicarpa japonica*? We explain how to distinguish between similar species! Did the flowers deceive the bees? Who likes purple berries?

Callicarpa japonica, Callicarpa dichotoma, and Callicarpa japonica are all deciduous shrubs belonging to the Callicarpa genus of the Lamiaceae family, growing in forests and forest edges. Their flowers and fruits are purple and their morphology is very similar, so they are often confused and sold as garden plants, making it difficult to distinguish between them. However, these are all plants that grow on the same plant body...
2023.06.04
plant
plant

What are the differences between Leucothoe japonica, Leucothoe axillaris, and Leucothoe axillaris? An explanation of how to distinguish between similar species.

Leucothoe, American Leucothoe (European Leucothoe), and Axillaris Leucothoe are representative evergreen shrubs of the Leucothoe genus in the Ericaceae family in Japan. They share similarities, such as pointed leaf tips and fine serrations, and Google search results often show these species mixed together...
2023.06.02
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plant

What are the differences between Alnus japonica, Alnus sieboldiana, and Alnus sieboldiana? How do they differ from other Alnus species? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Why can they grow in poor soil? Did they rely on wind for both their flowers and fruits?

Alnus japonica, Alnus sieboldiana, and Alnus sieboldiana are all species belonging to the Alnus genus of the Betulaceae family and are endemic to Japan. Because they have symbiotic relationships with both ectomycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes that can utilize atmospheric nitrogen, they are well-suited to living in poor soil and are used not only in the wild but also for greening purposes...
2023.05.12
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animal

What are the species of pseudoscorpion? Are they found in Japan? How are they collected? What do they eat? What is the purpose of their crab-like "claws"?

Pseudoscorpions are a small species of arachnid that inhabit inconspicuous places such as crevices in leaves and rocks, under stones and tree bark, and in decaying trunks. They are distinguished from scorpions by the absence of a long, spiny section on the metathorax (the tail of a scorpion). As of 2023, approximately 3,400 species have been identified worldwide, and they are also widespread in Japan...
2023.04.24
animal
animal

What are the differences between Bohemian waxwings and Japanese waxwings? What is their distribution? What are their summer and winter habits? What is the role of their crest feathers and red waxy substance? Can you tell their age from the waxy substance?!

The Bohemian Waxwing and the Japanese Waxwing are both brightly colored winter birds belonging to the Waxwing genus, possessing crests and often appearing in red or yellow. They are very similar, and it can be difficult to distinguish between them. However, checking the tips of their tail feathers will allow for reliable identification, and there are subtle differences in their coloration. Their distributions differ significantly; the Bohemian Waxwing...
2023.04.17
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Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #149] What are the species of the Vitaceae family? Photo list

The Vitaceae family consists of climbing woody or herbaceous plants. They ascend using modified stems called tendrils, although a few genera lack tendrils. The tendrils and leaves are opposite. Leaves are alternate, simple, or compound. Simple leaves are often palmately lobed. Inflorescences are usually opposite the leaves. The flowers are...
2022.12.16
Seed Plant Encyclopedia
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #141] What are the species of the Grossulaceae family? Photo list

The family Grossulariaceae was previously classified under the Saxifragaceae family, but has been separated into the order Saxifragales. It consists of a single genus, Ribes, with approximately 150 species distributed in the temperate and subarctic regions of Eurasia, South America, and Northeast Africa. This article will discuss...
2022.12.09
Seed Plant Encyclopedia
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #140] What are the species of the family Ilex crenata? Photo list

The family Iteaceae consists of evergreen to semi-evergreen (or deciduous) shrubs (or subshrubs, trees, or vines) (Flora of North America). The leaves are alternate, simple, spiny, petiolate, and the leaf blade margins are not lobed, but glandular and serrated (or entirely)...
2022.12.08
Seed Plant Encyclopedia
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