ecology

What are the differences between Japanese holly, golden holly, bean holly, and boxwood? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Why are the flowers so plain to humans but so popular with insects? Do they rely on birds for seed dispersal?

Japanese holly (Ilex crenata) is well-known for being commonly cultivated in gardens as a hedge, but it is originally a species that grows wild in Japan. While distinguishing it from other varieties is not particularly difficult due to its distinctive leaves, there are numerous cultivated varieties, which can make identification a little challenging. Here, we will discuss...

2021.09.21

plant

What are some species similar to nasturtiums (nasturtiums)? Are they edible? What are their nutritional values? What is their history? Were the flower's depressions used as resting places for beetles?

Nasturtiums (also known as nasturtiums or trumpet japonica) are native to Peru and are cultivated in Japan primarily as ornamental plants, either annuals or perennials. They are popular for their distinctive flowers and unusual leaves. While they have many Japanese names, I personally don't recommend calling them simply "nasturtiums" as it can be confusing...

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between mustard greens, rapeseed, European rapeseed, and black mustard? How do their uses differ? Why did they evolve to be spicy? Brassica plants, essential for Japanese mustard and salad oil, have increased fruit production thanks to insect visits!

Brassica napus, rapeseed, European rapeseed, and black mustard are four species of yellow flowers that bloom in spring and belong to the Brassicaceae family. Their flower shapes are almost identical, and their habitats are also nearly the same. Furthermore, there are many closely related species, making identification extremely confusing. This complexity is such that even researchers sometimes misidentify them. Recent research has revealed...

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between Epimedium grandiflorum and Epimedium sempervirens? What are the different species in the Epimedium genus? Why do the flower shapes and colors differ depending on the species? What kinds of insects visit the flowers?

Both Epimedium grandiflorum and Epimedium sempervirens are wild species famous for their anchor-shaped flowers, and are also known as cultivated varieties due to their unique flower shapes. Because the differences are so subtle when focusing solely on flower shape, distinguishing them can be difficult. They rarely coexist in nature...

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between Clerodendrum trichotomum, Clerodendrum sibiricum, Clerodendrum humile, and Clerodendrum sibiricum? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Do the leaves really smell? Do the flowers rely on both moths and butterflies for pollination?

Clerodendrum trichotomum, named for the foul odor of its leaves, is a tree distributed in East Asia. Several varieties and closely related species are known. These can be distinguished mainly by the length of the stamens on the flowers and the amount and shape of the hairs on the leaves. While the leaves do have an odor, not everyone finds it smelly; some people may find it unpleasant...

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between English lavender, French lavender, and Dentata lavender? How to distinguish between similar varieties! What are the effects of their essential oils? Why are there buds mixed in with the flowers? Were the seeds dispersed by sheep?!

Lavender is extremely popular in gardening, known for its purple flowers and renowned for its medicinal properties. However, few articles properly explain the differences between various types of lavender. The visual differences in lavender are not simply variations in "cultivar," but rather entirely different species. Here are three representative types...

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between honeysuckle, dwarf honeysuckle, beach honeysuckle, and golden honeysuckle? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Why do their flowers have different shapes? Why do some bloom in the evening?

Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) is the most common species in Japan, frequently found both in the wild and in gardens. Several closely related species are known, and four species—Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica var.

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) and wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox var. japonica)? Is it poisonous? Is there a reason why wintersweet flowers bloom in the middle of winter? The wintersweet's minority strategy!

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is native to China and is used as a garden tree in Japan. Although not widely known, its seeds and leaves are poisonous, so caution is necessary. Wintersweet and Chimonanthus praecox can be distinguished by the color of their flowers. Wintersweet blooms in the middle of winter, when other plants are not in bloom...

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between Portulaca grandiflora and Portulaca triangularis? How to distinguish between similar species! Where is it native? Why is it called "three o'clock grass"? There were hardly any insects visiting the flowers! Is it true that the fruit "bursts open" to scatter the seeds?

Portulaca grandiflora and Portulaca triangularis are two species of Portulaca grandiflora that produce pink flowers. Both are found in Japan as invasive species, either as cultivated plants or through escaped growth. Both species are native to the Americas. These two species differ in many ways, including the arrangement of the inflorescence, the presence or absence of ridges on the flower stalk, the size of the petals, and the shape of the stigma...

2021.09.21

plant

What are the differences between Arisaema ringens, Arisaema serratum, and Arisaema serratum? The flowers have a terrifying life cycle: they trap fungus gnats for pollination! Are the fruits a favorite of birds?

Arisaema ringens, Arisaema serratum, and Arisaema serratum are representative species within the Arisaema genus. The Arisaema genus is extremely similar in shape, making it a difficult group to distinguish. Frankly speaking, distinguishing between species in the Arisaema genus is extremely difficult. Even in terms of classification, regional variations...

2021.09.21

plant