Ecological Notes Web

What are the differences between Hibiscus mutabilis (Fuyou) and Hibiscus sakishimaensis? We explain how to distinguish between similar species! Do slight differences in flower shape affect pollination strategies?

フヨウとサキシマフヨウは共にアオイ科フヨウ属で、大きな美しい花を咲かせ、野生化した場合、どちらも攪乱された立地に生育するため判別が難しいです。その区別は葉や星状毛をよく観察することによってできます。また花期や花の色にも少し違いがあります。花...

2021.09.21

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What are the differences between foxglove (Digitalis) and comfrey? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Are they poisonous? Did foxglove flowers undergo unique evolution in America?

Digitalis (foxglove) and comfrey are two well-known poisonous horticultural species native to Europe. Their leaves are very similar; the upper leaves lack petioles, while the lower leaves have petioles and wings (where the leaf blade extends onto the stem). Comfrey, once edible, was often mistaken for digitalis...

2021.09.20

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ギンリョウソウ・ギンリョウソウモドキ・タシロランの違いは？似た種類の見分け方を解説！なぜ光合成を失った？花にはどんな昆虫が訪れる？種子を運ぶのはゴキブリだった！？

ギンリョウソウ・ギンリョウソウモドキ・タシロランはいずれも光合成を失った暗い林床に生える植物3種です。普通の葉を持たず、鱗片葉に退化しています。茎と花しかなく、全身は葉緑素がないため白色で、菌従属栄養植物として知られていますが、その区別は慣...

2021.09.20

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トキワツユクサ・ノハカタカラクサ・ミドリハカタカラクサ・オオトキワツユクサの違いは？似た種類の見分け方を解説！栄養繁殖で分布地を拡大していた？蜜を出さない花から出る白い糸の役割は？

トキワツユクサ（ノハカタカラクサ・ミドリハカタカラクサ）とオオトキワツユクサは観賞用に園芸で栽培され、現在急速に野生化しているムラサキツユクサ属です。元々様々な形態を持った品種が野生化したためか、その形態は多様です。現在の分類では葉の形、葉...

2021.09.20

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ザクロ・ヒメザクロ・花ザクロの違いは？歴史は？健康効果は？「花に鳥が訪れる」というのは嘘だった！？「ザクロの実」とはどこを指す？

ザクロはイランからインド北部が原産で、世界中で栽培される植物です。日本には近縁種は居ないので区別に迷うことは少ないかもしれませんが、いくつか栽培品種が知られており、ヒメザクロ・ハナザクロ（花ザクロ）は代表的なものです。ザクロとヒメザクロは葉...

2021.09.20

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What are the differences between Polygonatum odoratum, Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonatum humile, and Disporum sessile? What insects visit the downward-facing flowers? Polygonatum odoratum was producing flowers with only stamens due to nutrient deficiency!?

Polygonatum odoratum, Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonatum humile, and Disporum sessile are all species that bloom in spring and are commonly found in gardens and as wildflowers, but they can be a little difficult to distinguish because they are often sold mixed together. Therefore, I have summarized the botanical distinguishing features of the Polygonatum genus. Mainly, the way the flowers grow...

2021.09.20

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キントラノオとコウシュンカズラの違いは？似た種類の見分け方を解説！祖先が蜜の代わりに油を分泌する進化を起こした後、更に「先祖返り」して普通の見た目に戻っていた！？

キントラノオとコウシュンカズラはキントラノオ科の中では日本で最もポピュラーな2種で、よく園芸で観賞用に栽培されますが、混同される2種でもあります。キントラノオではキントラノオは常緑低木、コウシュンカズラは木性つる植物というのが最も大きな違い...

2021.09.20

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What are the differences between Nigella (Nigella fuciformis) and Black Cumin (Nigella fragrans)? What are their medicinal properties? What are their components? Did the flowers deceive insects by creating false nectar glands?!

Nigella (Ilex crenata) and black cumin (Ilex rotunda) are cultivated worldwide for ornamental and medicinal purposes, and are now common in Japan, but they are very easily confused. Even searching online will bring up many incorrect photos. However, distinguishing between them is actually quite difficult...

2021.09.20

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What's the difference between a banyan tree and a fig tree? Why is it called the "strangler fig"? Where are the flowers? Only one type of insect visits the flowers!? Where are the real fruits? It's an important food source for bats!?

The Japanese banyan tree (Ficus microcarpa) and the Japanese Ficus microcarpa (Ficus sylvestris) are known as two "strangler figs" in southern Japan, both producing drooping aerial roots and forming receptacles. Ecologically, they are similar, and it can be difficult to distinguish between them. However, there are significant differences in leaf venation and leaf length between the two. Also, regarding aerial roots...

2021.09.20

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What are the differences between goji berries (Lycium chinense) and Elaeagnus umbellata (Elaeagnus umbellata)? Can they be eaten raw? How are they prepared? What kinds of insects visit the flowers?

Goji berries (Lycium chinense) and Elaeagnus umbellata (Elaeagnus umbellata) share the common characteristic of producing delicious red berries in the summer. However, their botanical characteristics are quite different. While the leaves and flowers are the most reliable way to distinguish between them, there are also differences in the fruit stalks. Goji berries can be eaten raw, but they have a "fishy smell...".

2021.09.20

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