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Epimedium Grandiflorum Var Thunbergianum Flower plant

What are the differences between Epimedium grandiflorum and Epimedium sempervirens? What are the different species in the Epimedium genus? Why do the flower shapes and colors differ depending on the species? What kinds of insects visit the flowers?

Both Epimedium grandiflorum and Epimedium sempervirens are wild species famous for their anchor-shaped flowers, and are also known as cultivated varieties due to their unique flower shapes. Because the differences are so subtle when focusing solely on flower shape, distinguishing them can be difficult. They rarely coexist in nature...
Clerodendrum Trichotomum Var Trichotomum Flower plant

What are the differences between Clerodendrum trichotomum, Clerodendrum sibiricum, Clerodendrum humile, and Clerodendrum sibiricum? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Do the leaves really smell? Do the flowers rely on both moths and butterflies for pollination?

Clerodendrum trichotomum, named for the foul odor of its leaves, is a tree distributed in East Asia. Several varieties and closely related species are known. These can be distinguished mainly by the length of the stamens on the flowers and the amount and shape of the hairs on the leaves. While the leaves do have an odor, not everyone finds it smelly; some people may find it unpleasant...
Lavandula Dentata Flower plant

What are the differences between English lavender, French lavender, and Dentata lavender? How to distinguish between similar varieties! What are the effects of their essential oils? Why are there buds mixed in with the flowers? Were the seeds dispersed by sheep?!

Lavender is extremely popular in gardening, known for its purple flowers and renowned for its medicinal properties. However, few articles properly explain the differences between various types of lavender. The visual differences in lavender are not simply variations in "cultivar," but rather entirely different species. Here are three representative types...
Lonicera Japonica Flower plant

What are the differences between honeysuckle, dwarf honeysuckle, beach honeysuckle, and golden honeysuckle? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Why do their flowers have different shapes? Why do some bloom in the evening?

Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) is the most common species in Japan, frequently found both in the wild and in gardens. Several closely related species are known, and four species—Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica var.
Arisaema Limbatum Spathe plant

What are the differences between Arisaema ringens, Arisaema serratum, and Arisaema serratum? The flowers have a terrifying life cycle: they trap fungus gnats for pollination! Are the fruits a favorite of birds?

Arisaema ringens, Arisaema serratum, and Arisaema serratum are representative species within the Arisaema genus. The Arisaema genus is extremely similar in shape, making it a difficult group to distinguish. Frankly speaking, distinguishing between species in the Arisaema genus is extremely difficult. Even in terms of classification, regional variations...
Acalypha Australis F Velutina Flower plant

What's the difference between Enokigusa and Enoki? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! What are Nagaba Enokigusa and Velvet Enokigusa? These unassuming flowers are pollinated in two ways!?

While *Enokigusa* (Japanese hackberry) is a common species found along roadsides and in fields in flat areas, those unfamiliar with it may easily confuse it with the Japanese hackberry (*Enoki*), as its name suggests. Although they share some similarities, such as leaf veins, serrations, and pointed tips, their classifications are fundamentally different, with a major difference being whether they are herbaceous or woody plants...
Monotropastrum Humile Flower plant

What are the differences between Monotropa uniflora, Monotropa uniflora var. alba, and Monotropa japonica? We explain how to distinguish between similar species! Why did they lose photosynthesis? What insects visit the flowers? Cockroaches are responsible for seed dispersal!?

Monotropa uniflora, Monotropa uniflora var. japonica, and Monotropa uniflora are three plant species that grow in the dark forest floor where photosynthesis has been lost. They lack normal leaves, instead having reduced scale-like leaves. They have only stems and flowers, and their entire bodies are white due to the absence of chlorophyll. They are known as mycoheterotrophic plants, but the distinction is not always clear...
Polygonatum Odoratum Var Pluriflorum Flower plant

What are the differences between Polygonatum odoratum, Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonatum humile, and Disporum sessile? What insects visit the downward-facing flowers? Polygonatum odoratum was producing flowers with only stamens due to nutrient deficiency!?

Polygonatum odoratum, Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonatum humile, and Disporum sessile are all species that bloom in spring and are commonly found in gardens and as wildflowers, but they can be a little difficult to distinguish because they are often sold mixed together. Therefore, I have summarized the botanical distinguishing features of the Polygonatum genus. Mainly, the way the flowers grow...
Tristellateia Australasiae Flower plant

What's the difference between *Kintoranoo* and *Koushunkazura*? We'll explain how to distinguish between these similar species! Did their ancestors evolve to secrete oil instead of nectar, only to then "revert" back to their normal appearance?!

Malpighiinae and Kadsunokazura are two of the most popular species in Japan belonging to the Malpighiaceae family, and are often cultivated as ornamental plants in gardens, but they are also frequently confused. The biggest difference between them is that Malpighiinae is an evergreen shrub, while Kadsunokazura is a woody vine...
Nigella Damascena Flower plant

What are the differences between Nigella (Nigella fuciformis) and Black Cumin (Nigella fragrans)? What are their medicinal properties? What are their components? Did the flowers deceive insects by creating false nectar glands?!

Nigella (Ilex crenata) and black cumin (Ilex rotunda) are cultivated worldwide for ornamental and medicinal purposes, and are now common in Japan, but they are very easily confused. Even searching online will bring up many incorrect photos. However, distinguishing between them is actually quite difficult...
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