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animal

What is the role of the strangely enlarged final legs of the *Centipede* species? Could they be a secret weapon for aggressively defending against predators?!

The term "female centipedes" refers to a group of centipedes belonging to the genus *Scylla* in the family Scolopendridae, order Scolopendromorpha. These centipedes are burrowing and rarely seen by the average person, but their most striking feature is their strangely enlarged final gait. While there have been various theories regarding the function of this final gait,...
plant

What are the differences between Japanese honeysuckle and American honeysuckle? An explanation of how to distinguish between similar species.

Japanese maple (Acer pycnanthum) and American maple (Acer pycnanthum) are both members of the Acer genus in the Sapindaceae family, characterized by their beautiful autumn foliage. In spring, Japanese maple blooms with red flowers before its leaves open, which is the origin of its Japanese name. However, these trees look similar and can be difficult to distinguish. Although there are differences in leaf size and shape, there is considerable individual variation, so differentiation is not always easy. This article focuses on the classification of Japanese maple and American maple.
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #142] What are the species of the Saxifragaceae family? Photo list

The family Saxifragaceae consists of herbaceous plants. Leaves are alternate or opposite, simple or compound. Most are deciduous, but some are evergreen. Stipules are present or absent. Inflorescences are cymose, sometimes racemes or panicles. Flowers are bisexual, dioecious, or dioecious, and radially symmetrical...
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #101] What are the species of the Iridaceae family? Photo list

The family Costaceae is a pantropical monocotyledonous plant. The leaves are arranged spirally, and the leaves at the base of the stem are usually wingless. The base of the leaves has a closed leaf sheath, and a projection called a ligule is located at the top of the leaf sheath. Unlike other plants in the Zingiberales order, it has 2-3 stamens...
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #073] What are the species of the Liliaceae family? Photo list

Liliaceae are perennial herbs. They have bulbs or rhizomes. Leaves are alternate, opposite, or whorled, sometimes clustered at the base of the stem. Flowers are solitary at the stem tip or leaf axils, or borne in diverse racemes or umbels. They bear bisexual flowers. The perianth segments are separate, with outer and inner perianth segments...
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #051] What are the species of the Potamogetonaceae family? Photo list

The family Potamogetonaceae originally consisted of two genera, Potamogetonaceae and Groenlandia, but the genus *Groenlandia* was separated from Potamogetonaceae. Also, the family Zanichelliaceae was included within Potamogetonaceae...
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #045] What are the species of the Hydrocharitaceae family? Photo list

The family Hydrocharitaceae consists of annual or perennial aquatic plants that grow in freshwater or saltwater. Their morphology is extremely diverse. The base of the leaves often forms a leaf sheath, containing 2 to 10 or more small scales. They are monoecious or dioecious, with inflorescences...
Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #043] What are the species of the Alismataceae family? Photo list

The Alismataceae family consists of submerged or wetland herbs. All leaves are basal, with parallel and reticulate venation. Flowers are bisexual or unisexual. Inflorescences are racemes or panicles, with three flowers or branches arranged in whorls at each node. The sepals and petals are three in number and white; the calyx is persistent...
animal

The mysterious fly known as the bee-like hoverfly, which is born and lives on tree sap, can it sting? Is it harmful?

Are you familiar with the hoverfly known as the false bee hoverfly? At first glance, it looks exactly like a bee, but hoverflies are actually a type of fly, so they won't sting you and are harmless. Its bright colors are thought to be a form of mimicry. Although it's actually a type of hoverfly...
plant

Was the endangered species *Toranoosuzukake* a rare plant associated with Hiraga Gennai?

*Platanthera japonica*, a perennial herb distributed mainly in western Japan, is designated as an endangered species by various prefectures, although it is not designated as such by the Ministry of the Environment. The reason for its endangered status is its extremely small population, but the exact cause of this low population size is not well understood.
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