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11.1825 Adult *Pseudoscorpion* (large parasitic insect), dorsal view animal

What are the different types of pseudoscorpions and how can they be collected? Are they found in Japan? This article explains their ecology and the uses of their claws.

Pseudoscorpions are a small species of arachnid that inhabit inconspicuous places such as crevices in leaves and rocks, under stones and tree bark, and in decaying trunks. They are distinguished from scorpions by the absence of a long, spiny section on the metathorax (the tail of a scorpion). As of 2023, approximately 3,400 species have been identified worldwide, and they are also widespread in Japan...
07.2851.a Cornus kousa flower plant

What are the differences between Cornus kousa, Cornus florida, and evergreen Cornus kousa? We'll explain how to distinguish between similar species! Various insects visit the flowers, but are there differences in their tendencies? There are two types of fruits: "drupe" and "aggregate fruit"!?

Cornus kousa, Cornus florida, and Cornus kousa var. serrata are three commonly planted trees with flowers featuring distinctive white bracts that resemble petals. Their white bracts are similar, and their leaf shapes are also alike, which can sometimes lead to confusion. However, these three species cannot be distinguished solely by leaf shape and color...
07.1617 Polygala japonica flower Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #155] What are the species of the Polygalaceae family? Photo list

All species of the Polygalaceae family found in Japan are herbaceous. The leaves are simple, alternate, and lack stipules. The flowers are bisexual and bilaterally symmetrical. There are 5 sepals. The petals are 5 in number, partially reduced or fused. There are 4 or 8 stamens, fused at the base. The ovary is superior and 2-chambered. The fruit is a capsule or drupe. [...].
07.1520 Astragalus flower Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #153] What are the types of legumes? Photo list

The Fabaceae family is a large family of vascular plants, second only to the Asteraceae and Orchidaceae families in terms of the number of species it contains. It includes many useful plants used for food and other purposes, and is deeply connected to human life. It includes herbs and woody plants ranging from annual to perennial, with many being climbing or possessing tendrils...
07.1363.a Hanachidakesashi flower Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #141] What are the species of the Grossulaceae family? Photo list

The family Grossulariaceae was previously classified under the Saxifragaceae family, but has been separated into the order Saxifragales. It consists of a single genus, Ribes, with approximately 150 species distributed in the temperate and subarctic regions of Eurasia, South America, and Northeast Africa. This article will discuss...
07.1349 Yuzuriha fruit Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #139] What are the species of the Daphniphyllaceae family? Photo list

The family Daphniphyllaceae consists of evergreen trees or shrubs. The leaves are densely arranged alternately at the tips of branches, narrowly oblong, and entire. The flowers are unisexual and dioecious, growing in axillary racemes. There are no petals, and the calyx has 3-6 sepals. There are 6-12 stamens. Because it has 2 carpels instead of 3, it is not related to Euphorbia...
07.1317 Lotus flower Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #126] What are the different types of Nelumbonaceae? Photo List

The Nelumbonaceae family are perennial aquatic plants. It includes the genus Nelumbo, and is the only extant family to include the North American native *Nelumbo lutea* and the widely distributed Asian *Nelumbo nucifera*. There are four fossil species...
07.1174.a Narihirahiiragi Nandina (flower) Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #123] What are the species of the Berberidaceae family? Photo list

Berberidaceae are perennial herbs or shrubs. Their leaves are alternate and can be simple or compound. The sepals are arranged in groups of three in 3-4 whorls, or two in 4 whorls; the outer 1-2 whorls are smaller and fall off quickly during flowering, while the inner 2 whorls are larger and petal-like. The petals are 2 or...
07.1157 Akebia trifoliata fruit Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #121] What are the species of the Akebia family? Photo list

The Lardizabalaceae family consists mainly of climbing woody plants, with shrubs being rare. The leaves are trifoliate or palmately compound with five leaflets. The flowers are unisexual, monoecious, and borne in racemes, radially symmetrical and trimeral. The sepals are petal-like. The fruit is an ellipsoidal berry with a fleshy pericarp. (Eastern Asia...).
07.0908 Rice spikelets Seed Plant Encyclopedia

[Seed Plant Encyclopedia #116] What are the types of grasses? Photo list

The grass family (Poaceae) consists of annual to perennial herbs, or plants with woody, perennial stems. The stem, called a "culm," has septa at the nodes, and the rest of the stem is hollow or contains pith. Leaves are arranged alternately in two rows and consist of a leaf blade and a leaf sheath. The leaf blade is often linear, and the leaf sheath is wide...
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